Advances in vibration testing and model updating for nonlinear aerospace structures
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摘要: 面向质量更轻、承载能力更强, 柔性变形更大的先进飞行器, 首先对其地面振动试验及使役过程中观察到的非线性振动现象进行梳理, 归纳出两类典型的非线性结构模型−局部非线性结构和分布式非线性结构, 对其基本概念进行了阐述. 随后, 从频响函数试验、纯模态试验、自由衰减试验等技术路径总结了非线性振动试验方法的研究进展. 最后, 根据两类非线性结构动力学方程的特点分别归纳了与之相适应的有限元模型修正流程及关键辨识方法, 展望了发展趋势并给出研究建议. 有望为未来飞行器非线性振动试验与精准建模提供有益参考.Abstract: For lighter, stronger and more flexible aerospace structures, the nonlinear phenomena observed during ground vibration tests and in-service operations are first sorted out. Two types of typical nonlinear structures-localised and distributed nonlinear structures—are then highlighted, the basic concepts of which are explained. Secondly, the vibration testing techniques developed for these nonlinear structures are compared, and the research progress is summarised from the perspective of frequency response test, pure modal test, free decay test and others. Finally, model updating procedures of the two types of nonlinear structures are analysed, with identification methods discussed. Future perspectives are pointed out and research suggestions are also highlighted. It is expected to provide a useful reference for the future development of vibration testing techniques and accurate modelling methods of nonlinear aerospace structures.
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Key words:
- aerospace structure /
- nonlinear vibration /
- vibration testing /
- model updating
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图 1 欧洲机械臂地面振动试验(Göge et al. 2005a). (a)试验场景. (b)辨识得到模态刚度的非线性曲线
图 2 航天器桁架关节的非线性振动试验(Li et al. 2022a, 2023). (a)试验场景. (b)辨识得到的力矩-转角曲线
图 3 航空发动机部段连接结构的振动试验(Boswald & Link 2004). (a)试验场景. (b)单个螺栓结构的非线性模型
图 4 美国F-16翼尖挂架的地面振动试验 (Noël et al. 2013). (a)试验场景. (b) 频响函数测量结果
图 5 欧洲SmallSat地面振动试验(Noël & Kerschen 2017). (a)扫频试验场景. (b) 试验测得的复杂非线性振动响应
图 7 欧洲SmallSat卫星飞轮支架振动试验(Noël & Kerschen 2017). (a)飞轮支架局部图. (b)正扫和反扫试验中测得的支架位置相对位移响应
图 8 航空发动机风扇叶片的纯模态试验(Wang et al. 2022). (a)振动试验场景 (b)全场加速度与激振力的相位差图
图 9 基于数字图像相关的连接结构非线性振动试验(Chen et al. 2022). (a)相机与被测结构 (b)多点响应测量结果
图 10 基于频响函数数据的局部非线性结构有限元模型修正的一般流程(Wang et al. 2018b)
图 11 利用等效动刚度图法辨识卫星金属橡胶阻尼器参数(Wang & Zheng 2016). (a)试验场景. (b)等效动刚度实部图
图 13 基于骨架线匹配的曲梁结构单模态辨识 (Van Damme et al. 2020). (a)曲梁结构. (b)骨架线迭代过程
图 14 浸入水中圆杆的非线性振动试验与耦合模态辨识 (Le Guisquet & Amabili 2021b). (a)试验场景. (b)驱动模态(driven mode)频响函数对比. (c)伴随模态(companion mode)频响函数对比
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