Research progress on the stability mechanism and control of ventilated supercavitation
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摘要: 通气超空泡减阻是突破传统水下速度极限, 实现高速航行的关键技术, 具有重要的工程应用价值. 超空泡航行体的航行稳定性是制约其发展的瓶颈问题, 这与通气超空泡形态的稳定性密切相关, 因此, 超空泡形态的准确预测和调控是超空泡航行体总体设计的关键之一. 本文首先介绍了关于不同环境条件下通气超空泡流动形态特征的研究, 进一步梳理了影响流动形态的关键科学问题, 包括超空泡界面特征及失稳机制、超空泡尾部闭合泄气机理和射流与空泡的耦合作用, 最后基于对通气超空泡形态的理解与认识, 阐述了实现通气超空泡流动稳定性的调控方法.Abstract: Ventilated supercavity drag reduction is a key technology to break through the traditional underwater speed limit and achieve high-speed operation of underwater vehicles, which has important engineering application value. The navigation stability of underwater vehicles is a bottleneck problem that restricts the development of supercavitating vehicles, which is closely related to the stability of ventilated supercavity. Therefore, accurate prediction and control of supercavity shape are one of the key factors in the overall design of supercavitating vehicles. This paper first introduces the research progress on the flow morphology characteristics of ventilated supercavities under different flow conditions, and further sorts out the key scientific issues that affect the flow morphology, including the characteristics and stability mechanism of the cavity interface, the closure mechanism of the supercavity, and the interaction between the jet and the supercavity. Finally, based on the understanding and recognition of the morphology of ventilated supercavities, a method for achieving flow control of ventilated supercavities is introduced.
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图 5 不同空化水洞中通气空泡形态尺寸对比 (Shao et al. 2017)
图 6 不同来流阵风频率下通气空泡形态特征 (Lee et al. 2013)
图 8 超空泡界面形态特征(Brennen 1970)
图 9 通气超空泡流动形态特征 (Shao et al. 2018)
图 10 通气超空泡界面处流动特征 (Jiang et al. 2018)
图 11 RT和KH组合不稳定性下出现的不稳定模态图谱 (Vadivukkarasan & Panchagnula 2017)
图 12 不同Fr下通气空泡上界面K-H和R-T不稳定性主导机制转变的临界速度值(Yang et al. 2022)
图 13 典型泄气方式示意图 (Semenenko & Vladimir 2001)
图 14 通气超空泡闭合方式图谱 (Karn 等2016)
图 15 空泡内部气体流动示意图 (Savchenko Y N和Savchenko G Y 2011)
图 16 通气超空泡剪切层及其内部流动特征 (Wu et al. 2019)
图 20 通气空泡尾部湍流气泡特征图像 (Barbaca et al. 2019)
图 21 通气空泡尾迹湍流区气泡流分布特征 (Wang 等2021)
图 22 不同无量纲参数下射流与空泡闭合耦合作用形态特征划分 (Money et al. 2015)
图 23 射流作用下通气超空泡泄气模式示意图 (Kinzel et al. 2017)
图 25 通气闭环控制方案示意图 (辛万青 等 2021)
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